CHISQ.TEST function

Returns the test for independence. CHISQ.TEST returns the value from the chi-squared (χ2) distribution for the statistic and the appropriate degrees of freedom. You can use χ2 tests to determine whether hypothesized results are verified by an experiment.

Syntax

CHISQ.TEST(actual_range,expected_range)

The CHISQ.TEST function syntax has the following arguments:

• Actual_range     Required. The range of data that contains observations to test against expected values.

• Expected_range     Required. The range of data that contains the ratio of the product of row totals and column totals to the grand total.

Remarks

• If actual_range and expected_range have a different number of data points, CHISQ.TEST returns the #N/A error value.

• The χ2 test first calculates a χ2 statistic using the formula:

  

  where:

  Aij = actual frequency in the i-th row, j-th column

  Eij = expected frequency in the i-th row, j-th column

  r = number or rows

  c = number of columns

• A low value of χ2 is an indicator of independence. As can be seen from the formula, χ2 is always positive or 0, and is 0 only if Aij = Eij for every i,j.

• CHISQ.TEST returns the probability that a value of the χ2 statistic at least as high as the value calculated by the above formula could have happened by chance under the assumption of independence. In computing this probability, CHISQ.TEST uses the χ2 distribution with an appropriate number of degrees of freedom, df. If r > 1 and c > 1, then df = (r - 1)(c - 1). If r = 1 and c > 1, then df = c - 1 or if r > 1 and c = 1, then df = r - 1. r = c= 1 is not allowed and #N/A is returned.

• Use of CHISQ.TEST is most appropriate when Eij's are not too small. Some statisticians suggest that each Eij should be greater than or equal to 5.

Example

Copy the example data in the following table, and paste it in cell A1 of a new Excel worksheet. For formulas to show results, select them, press F2, and then press Enter. If you need to, you can adjust the column widths to see all the data.

Men (Actual)	Women (Actual)	Description
58	35	Agree
11	25	Neutral
10	23	Disagree
Men (Expected)	Women (Expected)	Description
45.35	47.65	Agree
17.56	18.44	Neutral
16.09	16.91	Disagree
Formula	Description	Result
=CHISQ.TEST(A2:B4,A6:B8)	The χ2 statistic for the data above is 16.16957 with 2 degrees of freedom	0.0003082

Switching from IBM Lotus Notes to Office 365 for business

Get introduced to Office 365 online services, and find a quick feature-by-feature comparison between Outlook and IBM Lotus Notes 8.5 in this free guide.

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Windows 8    Choosing Download Guide opens the guide directly in the Windows 8 Reader app, where you can view it, print it, and save it for later reference.

Windows 7 or earlier    Before you can view the guide, you'll need to download and install the free Adobe Reader app. If you've already done this and are having trouble displaying the guide in your browser, try this instead:

1. Right-click or touch and hold the Download Guide button, and then click Save target as (on some browsers this is called Save link as).

2. Save the PDF file to your desktop, and then open it in your PDF reader.

Adding a new form to a custom Lists tool

You add forms to a custom Lists tool by importing form template solution (.xsn) files designed in Microsoft Office InfoPath.

Designers can import any form template solution originated in InfoPath. However, the best path for creating a new form template is to start in the SharePoint Workspace Lists tool designer, because all new form templates started from the Lists tool designer have the following built-in features designed to work with SharePoint Workspace:

• "Submit Options" are set to "Submit to Host".

• "Security and Trust" in Form options is set to "Domain (the form cannot access content outside the form)".

• The System fields "_Created", "_CreatedBy", "_Modified", and "ModifiedBy" are already present in the Fields list.

• <lookup field setup ... need more information>

These features must be added manually in other InfoPath form template solutions.

1. Enter the Lists tool Designer.

2. On the Home tab, click New Form.

   Microsoft Office InfoPath opens to a new blank form in the InfoPath Designer.

3. Add fields and all other design features you want in the Form template in InfoPath.

   For help laying out form templates in InfoPath, see the InfoPath online Help.

4. Save the Form template to a disk location, as a SharePoint Workspace Form Template (.xsn) file.

   Tip: You can quickly save the form template to your Documents folder: Click the File tab, click Publish, and then click SharePoint Workspace to open the Windows Save As dialog box.

5. Return to the Lists tool Designer in SharePoint Workspace.

6. On the Home tab, click Import Form.

7. Browse to the form template file you saved on disk, and click Open.

   If there are no problems detected with the form template, the form is added to the Lists tool design. An accompanying view is created to correspond with the new form.

   If SharePoint Workspace detects problems with the form template, an Import Errors dialog box displays. The Import Errors dialog box may report certain issues as warnings, and others as errors. Typically, warnings reflect unsupported features such as task panes, menus, and toolbars that will not display in the imported form. You can safely ignore these warnings. Errors, however, are problems that prevent the form from being imported. For example, a form template cannot be imported if it uses document signatures.

   If the Import Errors message contains errors, you must fix these in the form template before you can import it.

   An effective way to avoid errors in a form template is to create the new form directly from the Lists tool designer, as noted earlier in this topic.

Sort by date

Quickly scanning data by date order can be difficult if your data is in a random order like in this picture.

In Excel Online, the dates you want to sort need to be formatted as a table. Here's how:

1. Select the dates you want to sort and click Format as Table.

1. CheckMy table has headerseven if your date column doesn't have one.

1. Click the column header, and pick a sort order:

   • Click Sort Ascending for oldest date on top.

   • Sort Descending for newest date on top.

     

Not sure which sort order is applied?

Just check the direction of the arrow.

Sort Ascending has an upward pointing arrow.

Sort Descending has a downward pointing arrow.

Tip:  When you add new dates to the table, select the column and reapply the sort order.

For a quick and basic sort, see Sort data in a worksheet.

Display the Contacts list in last name, first name format

If you want your Contacts list to be sorted by the last names of your contacts, you must change the display format to last name, first name format. After you change the display format, you might still need to individually change any contacts that were not updated with the format change.

In this article

Change to last name, first name format

Change individual contacts to last name, first name format

Why can't the name format for some contacts be changed?

Change to last name, first name format

You can change the name format for the contacts in the main Microsoft Outlook Contact folder or any contact folders that you create. These folders are listed in the Outlook Address Book. However, you cannot change the name format for names in the Global Address List (GAL). For more information about the GAL, see the Why can't the name format for some contacts be changed? section.

1. Click the File tab.

2. Click Account Settings, and then click Account Settings.

   

3. On the Address Books tab, in the Name list, click Outlook Address Book, and then click Change.

4. Under Outlook Address Books, click the address book that you want to change the contact display format for. For example, click Contacts: Mailbox – Mailbox name.

5. Under Show names by, click File As (Smith, John).

6. Click Close on the Microsoft Outlook Address Book and Account Settings dialog boxes.

7. Exit and restart Outlook.

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Change individual contacts to last name, first name format

After you change the name format for existing contacts in the Outlook Address Book, the change applies to future entries that you create. However, occasionally not all your contacts are updated with the format change. In these cases, you must change the format for each contact.

1. In Contacts, double-click a contact that does not appear in the last name, first name format.

2. In the open contact, in the File as box, click the name in the last name, first name format. For example, click Smith, John.

3. On the Contact tab, in the Actions group, click Save & Close.

4. Repeat for each contact not displayed in the correct name format.

Note: 

• In a contact card, the Display Name for e-mail addresses is the name shown on the To, Cc, and Bcc lines of an e-mail message and also in the Address Book when you search for a contact. The Display Name is created based on how you type the contact's name in the Full Name box.

• Company names in the Company box that start with The automatically appear under the next word in the name. For example, The Phone Company appears as Phone Company, The.

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Why can't the name format for some contacts be changed?

The contacts displayed in your Outlook Contacts folder make up the contents of the Outlook Address Book. You can also create and name other Contacts folders, and in each of these folders you can change the name format. However, you cannot change the display format of names in the Microsoft Exchange Server Global Address List (GAL). The format for names in the GAL is set by your organization's administrator.

Tell me more about the address books

• Global Address List (GAL)     To display this address book, you must use a Microsoft Exchange Server account. The GAL contains the names and e-mail addresses of everyone in your organization. The GAL is automatically configured with an Exchange account. The Exchange administrator or network administrator creates and maintains the GAL. The GAL can also contain e-mail addresses for external contacts, distribution lists, conference rooms, and equipment.

• Outlook Address Book     This address book does not require you to use an Exchange account. The Outlook Address Book is created automatically and contains the contacts in your default Contacts folder that lists either e-mail addresses or fax numbers. These contacts are displayed in the Address Book dialog box when you click Contacts in the Address Book list.

  If you create additional contacts folders, you can set the properties for each folder to include the contacts as part of the Outlook Address Book.

You can also change the name format for other address books that you create in Outlook. For more information, see Add or remove an address book.

To view all available address books, click Address Book on the toolbar, and then click the down arrow in the Address Book list.

Each of your Contacts folders is listed in the Address Books list.

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Copy a presentation to a CD, network, or local disk drive

When you copy your Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007 presentation to a CD, a network, or a local disk drive on your computer, Microsoft Office PowerPoint Viewer 2007 and any linked files (such as movies or sounds) are copied as well. For information about Office PowerPoint Viewer 2007, see Install and run PowerPoint Viewer.

Office PowerPoint 2007 does not support the direct burning of content to any DVD formats. As an alternative, follow the steps below to copy your presentation to a folder, and then use DVD-burning software to import the content and create a DVD.

Important: Before you copy and distribute your presentation, inspect your presentation for hidden data and personal information (see step 10 below), and then decide whether it is appropriate to include this information in the copied presentation. Hidden information might include your name as the presentation's creator, your company's name, and other confidential information that you might not want outsiders to see. Also, check your presentation for objects or hidden slides that are formatted as invisible.

Note: This solution is a more convenient method that replaces the Pack and Go Wizard, which you may have used in earlier versions of PowerPoint.

Copy your presentation

1. Open the presentation that you want to copy, or, if you are working with a new presentation that has not been saved, save the presentation.

2. Do one of the following:

   • If you are copying your presentation to a network or to a local disk drive on your computer, go to step 3.

   • If you are copying your presentation to a CD, insert a CD into the CD drive.

     Notes: 

     • You can copy to a blank recordable CD (CD-R), a blank rewritable CD (CD-RW), or a CD-RW that contains existing content that can be overwritten.

     • In PowerPoint, if you copy your presentation to a CD, make sure that you copy all of the files in a single operation. After the first set of files is copied, you cannot add any more files to the disc by using PowerPoint. However, you can use Windows Explorer to copy additional files to a CD-R or CD-RW that contains existing files. See Windows Help for more details.

3. On the Microsoft Office Button, point to the arrow next to Publish, and then click Package for CD.

4. In the Package for CD dialog box, in the Name the CD box, type a name for the CD or the folder that you want to copy your presentation to.

5. To choose the presentations that you want to copy and the order in which you want them to play, do the following:

   • To add a presentation, click Add Files, select the presentation that you want to add, and then click Add. Repeat this step for each presentation that you want to add.

     Note: If you want to add other related, non-PowerPoint files in the package, you can. These files will be copied, but Office PowerPoint Viewer 2007 will not play them.

   • If you add more than one presentation, the presentations will play in the order in which they are listed in the Files to be copied list. To change the order, select a presentation that you want to move, and then click the arrow buttons to move the presentation up or down in the list.

     Note: The presentation that is currently open automatically appears in the Files to be copied list. Files that that you linked to the presentation are included automatically, but they do not appear in the Files to be copied list.

   • To remove a presentation or file from the Files to be copied list, select the presentation or file, and then click Remove.

6. Click Options.

7. Under Package type, do one of the following:

   • To specify how a presentation will play in the PowerPoint Viewer, click Viewer Package (update file formats to run in PowerPoint Viewer), and then select an option in the Select how presentations will play in the viewer list.

   • To make a package that you are certain viewers will view on a computer that has PowerPoint or PowerPoint Viewer installed, click Archive Package (do not update file formats).

     Note: Use this option when you want to package an Extensible Markup Language presentation (and files linked to it) in its original file format to preserve fidelity and quality without saving it as a binary file format.

8. Under Include these files, do one or both of the following:

   • To ensure that files that are linked to your presentation are included in the package, select the Linked files check box. Files that are linked to your presentation can include Microsoft Office Excel worksheets that are linked to charts, sound files, movie clips, and more.

   • To use embedded TrueType fonts, select the Embedded TrueType fonts check box.

     Notes: 

     • If your presentation does not currently include embedded fonts, checking the Embedded TrueType fonts check box includes the fonts when packaged. The Embedded TrueType fonts check box applies to all presentations that are copied, including linked ones.

     • If your presentation already includes embedded fonts, PowerPoint automatically honors the setting of the presentation to include the embedded fonts.

9. To require other users to supply a password before they can open or edit any of the copied presentations, under Enhance security and Privacy, type the password or passwords that you want to require to open the presentation, edit it, or both.

   Passwords apply to .pptx, .ppt, .potx, .pot, .ppsx, .pps, .pptm, .ppa, .ppam, .mhtml, and .mht files that have been converted to .ppt files, in the copied presentations. If any of the files that you copy already have passwords assigned to them, PowerPoint prompts you to choose between keeping the previously assigned passwords for those files and overriding them with the new passwords. If you choose to override the previously assigned passwords, they are no longer accepted for the copied versions of the files. However, they are still accepted for the original versions.

10. To inspect your presentation for hidden data and personal information, select the Inspect presentations for inappropriate or private information check box.

11. Click OK to close the Options dialog box.

12. Do one of the following:

    • If you are copying your presentation to a network or to a local disk drive on your computer, click Copy to Folder, enter a folder name and location, and then click OK.

    • If you are copying your presentation to a CD, click Copy to CD.

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Use AutoFill and Flash Fill

Sometimes you need to enter a lot of repetitive information in Excel, such as dates, and it can be really tedious. But the AutoFill feature can help. Or say you have information in Excel that isn't formatted the way you need it to be, and going through the entire list manually to correct it is daunting. In this case, Flash Fill (introduced in Excel 2013) can do the work for you.

AutoFill and Flash Fill are tremendous time savers, and in this course, we'll cover them in more detail. If you prefer to skip the video and go straight to written instructions, see Fill data automatically in worksheet cells or Split a column of data based on what you type.

AutoFill and Flash Fill

Watch this video for a quick introduction to AutoFill and Flash Fill, two helpful time savers that we'll cover in more detail in this course. (1:47)

AutoFill

Instead of entering data manually on a worksheet, you can use the Auto Fill feature to fill cells with data that follows a pattern or that is based on data in other cells. (3:01)

Flash Fill

Use Flash Fill, new in Excel 2013, to fill out data based on an example. Flash Fill typically starts working when it recognizes a pattern in your data, and works best when your data has some consistency. (3:10)

More courses available at Microsoft Office Training.

Activate or deactivate a workflow as a site collection feature

By default, the predefined workflows included in Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 are active as site collection features for site templates. However, if your organization has customized the default settings for your site, you may need to activate a specific workflow as a site collection feature to make it available to be added to lists, libraries, or content types. You must be a site collection administrator to activate a site collection feature.

Activate a workflow

1. On the home page for the site collection, on the Site Actions menu , point to Site Settings, and then click Modify All Site Settings.

2. Under Site Collection Administration, click Site collection features.

3. On the Site Collection Features page, click the Activate button next to the name of the workflow that you want to activate.

   Note: To activate the Collect Feedback or Approval workflow feature, click the Activate button next to Routing Workflows.

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Deactivate a workflow

You can deactivate a workflow if you do not want it to be available to the people who use a site. If you deactivate a workflow, it will not be available for users to add to lists, libraries, or content types. You must be a site collection administrator to deactivate a site collection feature.

1. On the home page for the site collection, on the Site Actions menu , point to Site Settings, and then click Modify All Site Settings.

2. Under Site Collection Administration, click Site collection features.

3. On the Site Collection Features page, click the Deactivate button next to the name of the workflow that you want to deactivate.

   Note: To deactivate the Collect Feedback or Approval workflow feature, click the Deactivate button next to Routing Workflows.

4. Click Deactivate this feature.

   Important: If you deactivate a workflow, any user data or customizations associated with the workflow may be lost. Also, any instances of the workflow that may be in progress on sites in the site collection may stop functioning.

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Discontinued features and modified functionality in Publisher 2010

If you are familiar with Microsoft Office Publisher 2007 or earlier versions of Microsoft Publisher, the following list describes features and functionality that have been discontinued or changed in Microsoft Publisher 2010.

Web Publishing

Creating new web sites and web publications is being deprecated as a feature. Publisher 2010 retains the ability to edit old Web publications created in previous versions of Publisher. If you open an existing Web publication a new Web Tools tab will become available with Wed publication tools. There will also no longer be Web templates available in the Template Gallery.

Options

Several of the features that were found in Tools, Options have been deprecated or moved to a different UI location.

Show basic colors in color palette

This option was found in the General tab of Tools, Options and is no longer relevant with the Publisher 2010 color picker.

• Show TipPages and Reset Tips

These options were found in the User Assistance tab of Tools, Options. Tip pages have been removed from the product and these options are now obsolete.

Show underline for merge fields and business information fields

This functionality still exists in the product, but the User Interface for these now live in the View tab; therefore these settings are not needed here.

Automatically synchronize formatting

This functionality was found in the User Assistance tab of Tools, Options and has been removed from the product.

Use a wizard for blank publications

This functionality was found in the User Assistance tab of Tools, Options. In Publisher 2010, if you launch a blank page size, Publisher 2010 will always give you a blank publication without using a wizard.

Turn on or off a rule

Rules are created in Outlook to keep your Inbox organized. For example, all messages from a specific sender can be moved to a specified folder.

To turn on or off a rule, do the following:

1. Click the File tab.

2. Click Manage Rules & Alerts.

3. In the Rules and Alerts dialog box, on the Email rules tab, select or clear the check box next to the rule.

Delete items or empty the Recycle Bin of a SharePoint site

When you delete an item from SharePoint document library, or list, it isn't immediately removed from SharePoint. Deleted items go into the site recycle bin, where they stay until they're automatically removed approximately 90 days later. Within that time, you can either restore the files to their original location, or remove them to free up storage space.

Important: The SharePoint Recycle Bin is different from the Recycle Bin in Windows. To recover local files deleted from your desktop or apps, use the Windows Recycle Bin first. To put your Windows recycle bin on your desktop, see Put the Windows Recycle bin back on your desktop.

Note: If you're looking for the recycle bin for OneDrive, go to your OneDrive site and select Recycle bin on the left side of the screen.

If you're looking to restore items in the site recycle bin, see Restore items in the Recycle Bin of a SharePoint site.

Updated January 25, 2017 thanks to customer feedback.

Delete an item from the Site Recycle bin

Online 2016, 2013 2010,2007



To delete items from the SharePoint Online Site Recycle Bin

1. Click Recycle Bin in the Quick Launch bar on the left of the screen.

   

   If you don't see the Recycle Bin on the Quick Launch bar, follow these steps:

   • Click Settings , and then click Site Content.

   • The Recycle Bin is in the top right portion of the Site Content page.

     

   Note: If you don't see a Recycle Bin    The Recycle Bin might have been disabled. Talk with your farm or server administrator. If you're an administrator, see Configure Recycle Bin Settings on TechNet.

2. In the Recycle Bin page, click the box to the right of the items or files you want to delete or restore.

3. Click Delete to delete the selected files.

   

Note:  If you don't see the item you're looking for, it may have exceeded the holding time limit and already deleted. If you have admin rights, see Restore deleted items from the site collection recycle bin. If not, contact your administrator who may be able to restore it.

To delete all items from the SharePoint Online Site Recycle Bin

1. Click Recycle Bin in the Quick Launch bar on the left of the screen.

   

   If you don't see the Recycle Bin on the Quick Launch bar, follow these steps:

   • Click Settings , and then click Site Content.

   • The Recycle Bin is in the top right portion of the Site Content page.

     

   Note: If you don't see a Recycle Bin    The Recycle Bin might have been disabled. Talk with your farm or server administrator. If you're an administrator, see Configure Recycle Bin Settings on TechNet.

2. In the Recycle Bin page click Empty Recycle Bin to delete all items.

   

   If Empty Recycle Bin isn't visible, make sure you unselect all items in the recycle bin.

To delete items from SharePoint 2016 or 2013 Site Recycle Bin

Note: The Recycle Bin shows only the items that you have deleted. You cannot view items that were deleted by other users unless you are a site collection administrator. If you do not see the Recycle Bin on your site, it could have been disabled by the server administrator.

1. Click Recycle Bin in the Quick Launch bar on the left of the screen.

   

   If you don't see the Recycle Bin on the Quick Launch bar, follow these steps:

   • Click Settings , and then click Site Content.

   • The Recycle Bin is in the top right portion of the Site Content page.

     

   Notes: 

   • The Recycle Bin shows only the items that you have deleted. You cannot view items that were deleted by other users unless you are a site collection administrator.

   • If you don't see a Recycle Bin    The Recycle Bin might have been disabled. Talk with your farm or server administrator. If you're an administrator, see Configure Recycle Bin Settings on TechNet.

2. In the Recycle Bin page, click the box to the right of the items or files you want to delete or restore.

3. Click Delete Selection to delete the selected files.

   

4. Click OK in the confirmation dialog box.

Note:  If you don't see the item you're looking for, it may have exceeded the holding time limit and already deleted. If you have admin rights, see Restore deleted items from the site collection recycle bin. If not, contact your administrator who may be able to restore it.

To delete all items from the SharePoint 2016 or 2013 Site Recycle Bin

1. Click Recycle Bin in the Quick Launch bar on the left of the screen.

   

   If you don't see the Recycle Bin on the Quick Launch bar, follow these steps:

   • Click Settings , and then click Site Content.

   • The Recycle Bin is in the top right portion of the Site Content page.

     

2. In the Recycle Bin page click Empty Recycle Bin to delete all items.

To delete items from the SharePoint 2010 or 2007 Site Recycle Bin

1. Click Recycle Bin on the Quick Launch bar (you may need to scroll down).

   

   If the Recycle Bin doesn't show on the Quick Launch bar, click All Site Content, and scroll to the bottom.

   Notes: 

   • The Recycle Bin shows only the items that you have deleted. You cannot view items that were deleted by other users unless you are a site collection administrator.

   • If you don't see a Recycle Bin    The Recycle Bin might have been disabled. Talk with your farm or server administrator. If you're an administrator, see Configure Recycle Bin Settings on TechNet.

2. Select the check box next to the items or files.

   

3. Click Delete Selection.

   

4. Click OK in the confirmation dialog.

Note:  If you don't see the item you're looking for, it may have exceeded the holding time limit and already deleted. If you have admin rights, see Restore deleted items from the site collection recycle bin. If not, contact your administrator who may be able to restore it.

To delete all items from the SharePoint 2010 or 2007 Site Recycle Bin

1. Click Recycle Bin in the Quick Launch bar on the left of the screen.

   

   If the Recycle Bin doesn't show on the Quick Launch bar, click All Site Content, and scroll to the bottom and click Recycle Bin.

2. On the Recycle Bin page click the box to the left of Type at the top of the first column, and then click Delete Selection to delete all items.

   

3. Click OK in the confirmation dialog box.

Can I get back items I delete from the SharePoint site recycle bin?

When you open the recycle bin, you'll only see items that you've deleted. When you delete an item from a site recycle bin it automatically goes into the Second-Stage or Site Collection Recycle Bin where it remains for a set period until it's completely purged from SharePoint. If you're a site collection admin, for more information about this feature, see Restore deleted items from the site collection recycle bin.

Put the Windows recycle bin back on your desktop

While the Windows recycle bin has nothing to do with SharePoint, it is important to have it handy for retrieving local files that you delete. Here's how to put it back on your desktop:

To put the Windows 10 Recycle bin back on your desktop:

1. Select the Start button, then select Settings .

2. Select Personalization > Themes > Desktop icon settings.

3. Select the Recycle Bin check box > Apply.

• To get to desktop icon settings in Windows 8.1, swipe in from the right edge of the screen, then select Search. Type desktop icons in the search box, and then select Show or hide common icons on the desktop.

• To get to desktop icon settings in Windows 7, select the Start button, type desktop icons in the search box, and then select Show or hide common icons on the desktop.

Leave us a comment

Was this article helpful? If so, please let us know at the bottom of this page. If it wasn't helpful, let us know what was confusing or missing. Please include your version of SharePoint, OS, and browser. We'll use your feedback to double-check the facts, add info, and update this article.

Add a new slide

1. In the navigation pane, click the slide that you want to insert the new slide after.

   How to select slides in the navigation pane

   1. On the View menu, click Normal.

   2. In the top of the navigation pane, click the Slides   tab, and then click a slide.Depending on the width of the navigation pane, you will either see the and  named tabs or the Slides  and Outline  icon tabs.

2. On the Home tab, under Slides, click New Slide.

   

   Tip: To choose a layout for the slide, click the arrow next to New Slide, and then click the layout that you want.

See also

Create or change slide layouts

Duplicate a slide in a presentation

Copy slides from one presentation to another

Change line or paragraph spacing

Line spacing determines the amount of vertical space between lines of text in a paragraph. By default, lines are single-spaced, meaning that the spacing accommodates the largest font in that line, plus a small amount of extra space.

Paragraph spacing determines the amount of space above or below a paragraph. When you press ENTER to start a new paragraph, the spacing is carried over to the next paragraph, but you can change the settings for each paragraph.

You set line and paragraph spacing on the Indents and Spacing tab of the Paragraph dialog box (Format menu).

You can also align text to baseline guides to precisely line up text across multiple columns. You set baseline guides on the Baseline Guides tab of the Layout Guides dialog box (Arrange menu). You choose to align text to baseline guides on the Indents and Spacing tab of the Paragraph dialog box (Format menu).

The default settings for line and paragraph settings are determined by the style used. Find links to more information about text styles in the See Also section

Change the space between paragraphs

1. Select the text you want to change.

2. On the Format menu, click Paragraph, and then click the Indents and Spacing tab.

3. Under Line spacing, do either of the following:

   • In the Before paragraphs box, type or select the amount of spacing you want above the paragraph.

   • In the After paragraphs box, type or select the amount of spacing you want below the paragraph.

     Tip: The default value for space before or after paragraphs is displayed in points. You can specify other measurement units by typing the abbreviation for them after the numerical value: inches (in), centimeters (cm), picas (pi), points (pt), or pixels (px). When you specify a unit other than points, Microsoft Office Publisher converts the measurement to points.

Set automatic spacing between lines of text

1. Select the text you want to change.

2. On the Format menu, click Paragraph, and then click the Indents and Spacing tab.

3. Under Line spacing, in the Between lines box, type or select the amount of spacing you want between lines of text. For example, to double space type or select 2sp. To change from double space to single space type or select 1sp.

   Tip: The default value for space between lines is displayed in spaces (sp). If you type a whole number, Publisher interprets it as a number of spaces. You can specify other measurement units by typing the abbreviation for them after the numerical value: inches (in), centimeters (cm), picas (pi), points (pt), or pixels (px). When you specify a unit other than spaces, Publisher converts the measurement to points.

Add a page to a SharePoint site

This topic explains how to use options in the New dialog box to add a page to an existing Microsoft SharePoint site, and also how to change the type of page that Microsoft Office SharePoint Designer 2007 adds by default when you click New Document on the Common toolbar or press CTRL+N.

To add a page to a SharePoint site, you must have the proper permissions. If you are unable to add a page, contact your server administrator.

In this article

What type of page should I choose?

Add a page to a SharePoint site

Change the default page type

What type of page should I choose?

Using Microsoft ASP.NET 2.0 technology, Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 sites can support fully interactive and collaborative content (such as customized Data Views) in ways that more static HTML sites, for example, cannot. When you add a page to a SharePoint site, you almost always want to add an ASP.NET (ASPX) page because ASPX pages support the full range of SharePoint functionality. For this reason, an ASPX page is the default for new pages in a SharePoint site when you click New Document on the Common toolbar or press CTRL+N.

Similarly, because ASP.NET master pages can support SharePoint elements and functionality in ways that HTML-based template pages (such as Dynamic Web Templates) cannot, it is recommended that you use master pages whenever you want a number of pages in your SharePoint site to share a common look and feel.

The following table identifies the types of pages that you will most commonly want to add when working with a SharePoint site.

Page type	Description
ASP.NET (ASPX) page	Adds a blank ASPX page, ready for you to insert elements and customize.
Master page	Adds an ASP.NET page, but one having a file name extension of .master instead of .aspx. After you create and save the new master page, you can use the Create from Master Page option to add multiple pages that are all based on that master page. For more information about master pages, see the article Introduction to ASP.NET master pages.
Page based on an existing master page	Adds an ASPX page that is based on a previously created master page and subsequently updated with any changes made to the appearance and behavior of that master page. For more information about master pages, see the article Introduction to ASP.NET master pages.
List View page	Adds an ASPX page that includes a new view of an existing list or document library. A List View page already includes page elements such as title bars, menus, and columns.
Web Parts Page	Adds an ASPX page with a predesigned layout that includes Web Part Zones, into which you can insert Web Parts.

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Add a page to a SharePoint site

You can quickly add a page of the default page type, or use the New dialog box to choose any type of page available.

To add a page to a SharePoint site, you must be a member of a site group that has the Add and Customize Pages permission. This permission is included by default in the Full Control and Designer permission levels.

Add a page of the default page type

For a SharePoint site, the default page type is an ASPX page. To change this setting, see Change the default page type later in this article.

1. In Office SharePoint Designer 2007, open the site to which you want to add the new page.

2. Click New Document on the Common toolbar, or press CTRL+N.

   A new, unsaved page is added to the current site.

3. On the File menu, click Save, or press CTRL+S.

4. In the Save As dialog box, type a name for the new page in the File name box, and then click Save.

Add a page of any type

1. In Office SharePoint Designer 2007, open the site to which you want to add the new page.

2. On the File menu, click New.

   The New dialog box opens.

   

3. On the Page tab, in the leftmost pane, click the category of page that you want to add.

4. In the center pane, click the type of page that you want to add.

5. Make any changes that you want under Options.

   For example, for ASP.NET pages such as ASPX and master pages, you can change the programming language that is included in the page directive.

6. Click OK to add the page.

   Note: For certain page types, there are additional wizards or dialog boxes that you must complete at this point.

   A new, unsaved page is added to the current site.

7. On the File menu, click Save, or press CTRL+S.

8. In the Save As dialog box, type a name for the new page in the File name box, and then click Save.

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Change the default page type

When you click New Document on the Common toolbar or press CTRL+N, you add a new page of the default page type. You can change the default page type, although for SharePoint sites it is recommended that you keep the default of adding new ASPX pages because such pages support the full range of SharePoint functionality.

1. On the Tools menu, click Page Editor Options.

   Tip: If you are adding a new page, you can click the Page Editor Options link in the New dialog box.

2. In the Page Editor Options dialog box, click the Authoring tab.

3. Under Default Document Types, in the Default SharePoint Document Type list, click the document type that you want to set as the default.

4. Click OK.

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• WSS 3.0 And Master Pages