SLN function

This article describes the formula syntax and usage of the SLN function in Microsoft Excel.

Description

Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period.

Syntax

SLN(cost, salvage, life)

The SLN function syntax has the following arguments:

• Cost    Required. The initial cost of the asset.

• Salvage    Required. The value at the end of the depreciation (sometimes called the salvage value of the asset).

• Life    Required. The number of periods over which the asset is depreciated (sometimes called the useful life of the asset).

Example

Copy the example data in the following table, and paste it in cell A1 of a new Excel worksheet. For formulas to show results, select them, press F2, and then press Enter. If you need to, you can adjust the column widths to see all the data.

Data	Description
$30,000	Cost
$7,500	Salvage value
10	Years of useful life
Formula	Description	Result
=SLN(A2, A3, A4)	The depreciation allowance for each year.	$2,250

Create a PowerPoint presentation from an outline

If you've already jotted down an outline of your presentation in Word and now need a quick way to add it to your slides, you can import a Word outline into PowerPoint.

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Windows macOS Online

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Create an outline in Word

1. Open Word.

2. Select View > Outline. This automatically generates an outline and opens the Outlining tools:

   • If your document has headings (any heading levels from H1-H9), you'll see those headings organized by level.

   • If your document doesn't have headings and subheadings yet, the outline will appear as a bulleted list with a separate bullet for each paragraph or body text. To assign or edit headings, heading levels, and set up your document structure:

     • Select a bulleted item.

     • In the Outline Level box, select a heading Level 1 for slide titles, Level 2 for bullet points on that slide.

     • When finished or to edit your document, select Close Outline View.

If you need help creating an outline, see Create an outline from scratch in Word.

Save an outline in Word

• To save your document, select Save, name your file, and then select Save once more. Select Close to close your document.

  Note: Your Word document must be closed to insert it into a PowerPoint presentation.

Import a Word outline into PowerPoint

1. Open PowerPoint, and select Home > New Slide.

2. Select Slides from Outline.

3. In the Insert Outline dialog box, find and select your Word outline and select Insert.

   Note: If your Word document contains no Heading 1 or Heading 2 styles, PowerPoint will create a slide for each paragraph in your content.

Guidelines for importing an outline

PowerPoint can import an outline in .docx, .rtf, or .txt format.

• If your outline is a Word document    Apply a heading format to any text you want to include in a slide. For example, if you apply the Normal style to a block of text, Word won't send that text to PowerPoint.

• If your outline is a .txt file    Use indentation to indicate heading levels. Any unindented lines of text will become titles of new slides.

For PowerPoint to successfully convert your outline to slides, you must follow these guidelines:

• If your outline is a Word document:

  1. Apply a heading format to any text you want to include in a slide. For example, if you apply the Normal style to a block of text, Word won't send that text to PowerPoint

  2. Save the Word document as an .rtf file. In PowerPoint for macOS, you can only import Word documents that are saved in Rich Text Format. Click File > Save As, and in the File Format box, select Rich Text Format (.rft)).

• If your outline is a .txt file: Use indents to indicate heading levels. Remember that any unindented lines of text will become titles of new slides.

Insert outline text into a PowerPoint presentation

1. In a new PowerPoint presentation file, click the first slide. Or, in an existing presentation file, click the slide that you want the outline to appear after.

2. On the Home tab, click the arrow next to New Slide, and then click Outline.

   Note: In PowerPoint for Mac 2011, the Outline option is called Insert Slides from Outline.

   

3. Locate the outline file (.rtf or .txt) that you want to insert, and then double-click it or click Insert.

   New slides are inserted in the presentation based on the text in the outline file you selected. You are now ready to edit the slides and the presentation as you see fit.

See Also

Start a document from a template

Creating a presentation from an outline isn't support in PowerPoint Online. It requires a desktop version of PowerPoint.

Calculating and recalculating formulas in browser-based workbooks

You can use formulas in a workbook in the browser exactly as you can use them in Excel. Just as in Excel, the author of the formula determines the way formulas are calculated or recalculated. This article describes different options for calculation that a workbook author can select..

Typically, a workbook recalculates formulas automatically when a value in a cell changes that the formula depends on. For example, suppose that you use a formula to add all the individual values in a column. If you insert rows in the workbook, and therefore, add cells to the range of cells in the column, the workbook adjusts the formula to include the new cells automatically, and recalculates the total.

However, a workbook author can use a different option so that the workbook does not calculate formulas automatically. When an author creates a formula in Excel, the author can select different calculation options. For example, the author might require that all formulas have to be re-calculated manually when a user clicks a command. After the author selects a calculation option and saves the workbook on a site, the published workbook keeps the calculation option that the author specified in the Excel workbook.

The following table provides a brief description of the different calculation options.

Calculation option	Description
Automatic Calculation	Formulas are recalculated automatically every time that a formula changes, and every time that a cell changes that a formula references. This is the default option.
Manual Calculation	Formulas are never re-calculated automatically. A user must select the Calculate Workbook option to recalculate any formulas.
Automatic except Tables	Formulas and referenced cells that are contained in an Excel Data Table as part of What-If analysis are not recalculated. Other formulas are recalculated automatically every time that a formula changes, and every time that a cell changes that a formula references.
Recalculate Before Save	Formulas are recalculated automatically every time that the workbook is saved. Important: Excel Services does not support this option because you cannot save a workbook.

If the workbook author configured a workbook for manual calculation, you can follow these steps to calculate the formulas in a workbook in the browser.

1. Open the workbook.

2. On the workbook toolbar, click the Data menu, and then click Calculate Workbook.

or, you can use the keyboard shortcut F9 to calculate the formulas in a workbook.

Notes: If a workbook in the browser contains a formula with a circular reference that cannot be resolved, it does not display a warning message about the circular reference. Instead, it calculates the values that you would get if you cancel the operation on the Excel client. In effect, the workbook automatically cancels the circular reference. This prevents decrease in performance that otherwise might result from trying to calculate a circular reference.

1. To use formulas in a workbook in Excel Services, the workbook author must first create a workbook in Excel that contains formulas. If Excel Online is enabled on the site, you can enter formulas directly in a workbook exactly as you do in Excel.

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Understanding the Format Text Box tab in Publisher

If you'd like choose options for placing and fitting text in a text box or in an AutoShape with text in it, you can use the Text Box tab in Publisher.

Note: The Text Box tab is available only when the selected object is a text box or an AutoShape with text.

Vertical alignment

Choose whether you want to align the text at the top, middle, or bottom of the text box or AutoShape.

Text Box Margins

Left  Enter the amount of space you want between the left edge of the text box or AutoShape and the text inside it.

Right  Enter the amount of space you want between the right edge of the text box or AutoShape and the text inside it.

Top  Enter the amount of space you want between the top edge of the text box or AutoShape and the text inside it.

Bottom  Enter the amount of space you want between the bottom edge of the text box or AutoShape and the text inside it.

Autofitting

Do not autofit  This option keeps the text size exactly as you set it for the text box or AutoShape.

Shrink text on overflow This option reduces the point size of the text in the text box or AutoShape until there is no text in overflow.

Best fit  This option shrinks or expands the text to fit in the text box or AutoShape when you resize it.

Grow textbox to fit This option expands the text box or AutoShape when the text would overflow.

Note: The text box or AutoShape may expand off the page or into other objects when this option is selected.

Rotate text within AutoShape by 90º  This check box turns the text inside the text box or AutoShape a quarter turn (90 degrees) to the right.

Include "Continued on page..."  This check box includes the notice Continued on page [page number] in the text box or AutoShape.

Include "Continued from page..."  This check box includes the notice Continued from page [page number] in the text box or AutoShape.

Columns  This button displays the Columns dialog box, where you can select the number of columns and the space between them.

Note: This option isn't available for AutoShapes, except rectangles, or if you select the Shrink text on overflow or Best fit option.

Basic number format codes

Decimal points To format fractions or numbers with decimal points, include the following digit placeholders in a section. If the number has more digits to the right of the decimal point than there are placeholders in the format, the number is rounded to as many decimal places as there are placeholders. If the number has more digits to the left of the decimal point than there are placeholders in the format, the extra digits are displayed. If the format contains only number signs (#'s) to the left of the decimal point, numbers less than 1 begin with a decimal point.

The placeholder # displays only significant digits; it does not display insignificant zeros.

To display	Use this format code
1234.59 as 1234.6	####.#

The placeholder 0 (zero) displays insignificant zeros if a number has fewer digits than there are 0's in the format.

To display	Use this format code
8.9 as 8.900	#.000
.631 as 0.6	0.#
12 as 12.0, and 1234.568 as 1234.57	#.0#

The placeholder ? adds spaces for insignificant zeros on either side of the decimal point so that when formatted with a fixed-width font, such as Courier New, decimal points align. You can also use this symbol for fractions that have varying numbers of digits.

To display	Use this format code
44.398, 102.65, and 2.8 with aligned decimals	???.???
5.25 as 5 1/4, and 5.3 as 5 3/10, with aligned division symbols	# ???/???

Thousands separator To display a comma as a thousands separator or to scale a number by a multiple of one thousand, include a comma in the number format.

To display	Use this format code
12000 as 12,000	#,###
12000 as 12	#,
12200000 as 12.2	0.0,,

Using colors To set the color for a section of the format, type the name of the color in square brackets in the section.

Color codes
[BLACK]	[BLUE]
[CYAN]	[GREEN]
[MAGENTA]	[RED]
[WHITE]	[YELLOW]

Conditional number format codes To set number formats that will be applied only if the number meets a condition you specify, enclose the condition in square brackets; the condition consists of a comparison operator and a value. For example, the following format displays numbers less than or equal to 100 in a red font color and numbers greater than 100 in a blue font color.

[Red][<=100];[Blue][>100]

Using the Microsoft Office Organization Chart add-in

The Organization Chart Add-in for Microsoft Office programs, previously called Microsoft Organization Chart 2.0, is an add-in that you can install and then add to your documents. In Office 2007, 2010, and 2013, Organization Chart is not installed automatically, and you have to install it manually before you can use it.

Notes: 

• Organization Chart has been available since the release of Microsoft PowerPoint 95. There have been no significant changes to the program since its initial release, and there are no plans to add any significant functionality to it in the future.

• You don't need to install the Organization Chart add-in with Office 2016 or Office 365—it's already built-in.

You can create an organization chart without installing the Organization Chart Add-in by using Visio or by creating a SmartArt graphic. For more information, see Create a Visio organization chart or Create an organization chart. To install the Organization Chart Add-in instead, do the following.

Install Organization Chart

1. If you're reading this Help article from within an Office program, the Help window will close when you exit all Office programs in the next step. To continue to have these instructions available, open this Help article at http://office.microsoft.com/redir/HA010377203.aspx instead of from within an Office program, or print this Help article.

2. Exit all Office programs.

3. In Control Panel, click or double-click the Programs and Features module.

   Where is Program and Features in Control Panel?

   Programs and Features appears in different Control Panel locations depending on the version of the Windows operating system you are using, Control Panel view selected, and whether you are using a 32 or 64-bit operating system or version of Office.

4. Right-click the Microsoft Office entry, and then click Change.

5. In the Setup dialog box, click Add or Remove Features, and then click Continue.

6. Click the plus sign (+) to expand the Office folder.

7. Click the plus sign (+) to expand the PowerPoint folder.

8. Click the button next to Organization Chart Add-in for Microsoft Office programs, and then click Run from My Computer .

9. Click Continue to install Organization Chart. After Organization Chart is installed, you can open and use it.

Open Organization Chart

After you install Organization Chart, do the following to open it.

• On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Object and then click Organization Chart.

Recover deleted items in Outlook for Windows

When you accidentally delete an item from your Outlook mailbox, you can often recover it. The first place to look is the Deleted Items or Trash folders. Search for the item you want, then right-click it and select Move > Other Folder. If you can't find it there, the next steps depend on what type of email account you have in Outlook.

If your folder list looks like this, and you see the Deleted Items folder, see the steps below to recover deleted email, appointments, events, contacts, and tasks that have been removed from the Deleted Items folder.

If your folder list looks like this, and you see the Trash folder, you can move items from the Trash folder back into your other folders, but you can't recover items that have been deleted from the Trash folder.

Need to recover a deleted folder in Outlook 2013 or Outlook 2016 for Windows?    You can recover a deleted folder (with all of its messages) if it's still in your Deleted Items folder—See How. Unfortunately, you can't recover a folder that's been permanently deleted. But you can use the steps in this topic to recover messages from the from the folder you deleted.

Recover an item that's no longer in your Deleted Items folder

If you can't find an item in the Deleted Items folder, the next place to look is the Recoverable Items folder. This is a hidden folder, and it's the place where items are moved when you do one of the following things:

• Delete an item from the Deleted Items folder.

• Empty the Deleted Items folder.

• Permanently delete an item by selecting it and pressing Shift+Delete.

Watch the video or follow the steps listed below the video to recover items from the Recoverable Items folder.

1. In Outlook, go to your email folder list, and then click Deleted Items.

   Important: If you don't see the Deleted Items folder, but instead see the Trash folder, then your account doesn't support recovering an item that's no longer in your Deleted Items folder.

2. Make sure Home is selected at the top, left-hand corner, and then click Recover Deleted Items From Server.

   

   Important: If Recover Deleted Items From Server isn't there, your account doesn't support recovering an item that's no longer in your Deleted Items folder.

3. Select the item you want to recover, click Restore Selected Items, and then click OK.

   

Where do recovered items go?    When you recover items from the Recoverable Items folder, they are moved to the Deleted Items folder. So after you recover an item, you can find it in your Deleted Items folder and then move it to another folder.

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Tips and troubleshooting

• To help you find a specific item in the Recover Deleted Items window, click the Subject, Deleted On, or From column header to sort items by that column.

  

  Note that the Deleted On date specifies when items were permanently deleted (by using Shift + Delete) or removed from the Deleted Items folder.

• Sort by the Deleted On column to help find messages from a deleted folder if the folder was permanently deleted by using (by using Shift + Delete) because they would all have the same date.

• All items in the Recoverable Items folder—including contacts, calendar items, and tasks—are represented by the same envelope icon.

  

• If you're looking for a contact, sort by the Subject column and look for the name of the person. You can also sort by the From column and look for blank entries because contacts don't have a From field.

• If you're looking for a calendar appointment or a task, sort by the From column and look for your name.

• To recover multiple items, click Restore Selected Items, and press CTRL as you click each item. You can also recover multiple adjacent items by clicking the first item, holding down the Shift key, and then clicking the last item you want to recover.

• Your admin may have specified how long items in the Recoverable Items folder are available for recovery. For example, there may be a policy that deletes anything that's been in your Deleted Items folder for 30 days, and another policy that lets you recover items in the Recoverable Items folder for up to another 14 days. After this 14 days, your admin may still be able to recover an item. If you can't find an item in the Recoverable Items folder, ask your admin if they can recover it.

  Unfortunately, if you or your admin can't find an item in the Recoverable Items folder, it's probably been permanently deleted from your mailbox and can't be recovered.

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Do you need instructions for another version of Outlook?

This article is for the Outlook 2010, 2013 or 2016 desktop app. Using something else? Try Outlook.com | Outlook on the web | Outlook Web App

Bar Styles (for Gantt Chart) dialog box

Use the Bar Styles dialog box to customize the appearance of all Gantt bars on the chart portion of a Gantt Chart view that meet certain conditions related to the type of information the bar represents. You can:

• Change the look of a type of Gantt bar, including color, shape, pattern, start shape and color, and end shape and color.

• Adjust the range of dates each bar represents.

• Change the information and position of text for a type of Gantt bar.

• Create a new Gantt bar for a particular category of task. You can display up to four rows of bars for each task.

Dialog box location

Display a Gantt Chart view. Then on the Format menu, click Bar Styles. You can also open this dialog box by double-clicking the background of the chart portion of the Gantt Chart view.

Details

Command buttons

Cut Row    Removes the selected row from the Gantt bar definition table and temporarily stores it on the Clipboard.

Paste Row    Inserts the last row you cut from the Gantt bar definition table (using the Cut Row button) above the selected row.

Insert Row    Adds a blank row in the Gantt bar definition table above the selected row.

Gantt bar definition table

Name    Shows the name of the Gantt bar and indicates the type of information the bar represents. To add or change a name, click in the entry bar above the Gantt bar definition table, and then type or edit the bar name. If you print the Gantt Chart view, this name is used in the Gantt Chart view's printed legend. If you do not include a name for the bar, or if you type an asterisk (*) in front of the name, the bar is not displayed in the legend.

Appearance    Shows the current width, color, and pattern for each bar. You can change these elements on the Bars tab below the Gantt bar definition table.

Show For...Tasks    Shows the category of task the Gantt bar represents, for example, critical tasks or in-progress tasks. To create or change the task category for the selected Gantt bar, click in the field, click the down arrow, and then click the task category you want the bar to represent.

You can combine multiple task categories for a Gantt bar, such as critical tasks that are marked and in progress. When you combine multiple categories, bars are drawn only for tasks that match all the types specified. To combine multiple categories, separate the selections with a list-separator character, usually a comma or semicolon.

You can also negate any of the Show For task categories by including the word "not" before the category name. For example, you can define a bar type for "Not Marked," which displays for all bars except those that are marked.

If you leave this field blank, the Gantt bar is drawn for all tasks.

Show For...Tasks categories

Normal     All tasks that are not milestones or summary tasks.

Milestone    Tasks with zero duration or tasks that have been designated as milestones. (To designate a task as a milestone, click Task Information on the Project menu. On the Advanced tab, select the Milestone check box.)

Summary    Tasks that have subtasks under them in the task outline.

Critical    Tasks on the critical path and tasks that have slack less than or equal to 0 days (the default). (To change the amount of slack that determines whether a task is critical, click Options on the Tools menu. On the Calculation tab, specify the amount of slack in the Tasks are critical if slack is less than or equal to box.)

Noncritical    Tasks that have slack greater than 0 days (the default). (To change the amount of slack that determines whether a task is critical, click Options on the Tools menu. On the Calculation tab, specify the amount of slack in the Tasks are critical if slack is less than or equal to box.)

Marked    Tasks that you have marked by setting the Marked field to Yes. You can add the Marked field to any task sheet.

Finished    Tasks for which an actual finish date has been entered or that have been marked 100% complete.

In-Progress    Tasks for which an actual start date, but no actual finish date, has been entered. These are tasks that have started but have not been completed.

Not Finished    Tasks for which no actual finish date has been entered. These are tasks with a percent complete that is less than 100%. These include tasks that have not started or are in progress.

Not Started    Tasks for which no actual start date has been entered.

Started Late    Tasks with a scheduled start date later than the baseline start date.

Finished Late    Tasks with a scheduled finish date later than the baseline finish date.

Started Early    Tasks with a scheduled start date earlier than the baseline start date.

Finished Early    Tasks with a scheduled finish date earlier than the baseline finish date.

Started On Time    Tasks with a scheduled start date the same as the baseline start date.

Finished On Time    Tasks with a scheduled finish date the same as the baseline finish date.

Rolled Up    Tasks that have the Rollup field set to Yes. You can set the Rollup field on the General tab of the Task Information dialog box by selecting the Roll up Gantt bar to summary check box. By rolling up, you can display selected dates from subtasks on a summary task bar.

Project Summary    The task that shows the entire project's rolled-up duration, work, costs, start date, and finish date for all tasks. When displayed, the project summary task appears at the top of the project, its ID number is 0, and it presents the project's timeline from start to finish. By default, the project summary task is not displayed.

Group By Summary    Tasks that represent tasks that have been grouped by a selected category, for example, Constraint Type, Priority, or Resource Group.

Split    Tasks that are split, that is, tasks whose work is interrupted sometime during their span.

External Tasks    Tasks that are linked as predecessors or successors from other projects.

Flag1 through Flag20    Tasks that have a custom flag field set to Yes. You can add a flag field to any task sheet. You can use the flag fields to specify which task dates are to be represented by special symbols or bars and to display the symbols or bars on the Gantt bar for the task.

Row    Shows the vertical position in which the bar appears on the Gantt Chart. You can show up to four rows, or bars, for each task. If bars have different row numbers, they are displayed in a vertical stack in relation to one another. Row 1 is the top row in the stack, and row 4 is the bottom row.

To enter or change the vertical position of a bar, click in the field, click the arrow, and then click 1, 2, 3, or 4.

If bars have the same row number, they are drawn in the same row and might overlap. The first one listed in the Gantt bar definition table is the first one drawn, and therefore can be obscured by another bar further down the table.

From and To     Show the date, percentage, or duration field that represents the beginning and end points for the selected Gantt bar.

To enter or change the contents of the From or To field, click in the field, click the arrow, and then click the name of the field you want for the beginning or end point of the selected Gantt bar.

From and To fields

% Complete    The current status of a task, expressed as the percentage of the task's duration that has been completed.

% Work Complete    The current status of a task, expressed as the percentage of the task's work that has been completed.

Actual Finish    The date and time that a task actually finished. Microsoft Office Project sets the Actual Finish field to the scheduled finish date if the completion percentage is 100.

Actual Start    The date and time that a task actually began. When a task is first created, the Actual Start field contains "NA." Once you enter the first actual or a completion percentage for a task, Project sets the actual start date to the scheduled start date.

Baseline Finish    The planned completion date for a task at the time you save a baseline.

Baseline Start    The planned beginning date for a task at the time you saved a baseline. Information in this field becomes available when you set a baseline.

Baseline1-10 Finish    The planned completion date for a task at the time you save the corresponding baseline.

Baseline1-10 Start    The planned beginning date for a task at the time you saved the corresponding baseline. Information in this field becomes available when you set a baseline.

Complete Through    The progress of a task on the chart portion of a Gantt Chart view, indicating the point up to which actuals have been reported for the task. This field is available only here in the Bar Styles dialog box, to be represented as a bar on the chart portion of a Gantt Chart view.

Deadline    The date you enter as a deadline for the task, indicating when you want a task to be completed without setting a date constraint.

Early Finish    The earliest date that a task could possibly finish, based on early finish dates of predecessor and successor tasks, other constraints, and any leveling delay.

Early Start    The earliest date that a task could possibly begin, based on the early start dates of predecessor and successor tasks and other constraints.

Finish    The date and time that a task is scheduled to be completed.

Finish1-Finish10    Custom finish date fields that show any specific task finish date information you want to enter and store separately in your project.

Free Slack    The amount of time that a task can be delayed without delaying any successor tasks. If the task has no successors, free slack is the amount of time that a task can be delayed without delaying the entire project's finish date.

Late Finish    The latest date that a task can finish without delaying the finish of the project. This date is based on the task's late start date, as well as the late start and late finish dates of predecessor and successor tasks and other constraints.

Late Start    The latest date that a task can start without delaying the finish of the project. This date is based on the task's start date, as well as the late start and late finish dates of predecessor and successor tasks and other constraints.

Negative Slack    The amount of negative slack for a task on the chart portion of a Gantt Chart view, indicating the amount of time that must be saved so that successor tasks are not delayed. Negative slack indicates that there is not enough time scheduled for the task and is usually caused by slipped dates of predecessors or by constraint dates. This field is available only here in the Bar Styles dialog box, to be represented as a bar on the chart portion of a Gantt Chart view.

Physical % Complete    The current status of a task, expressed as the percentage of the task that has been completed independent of the actual duration or total duration. This field is used in earned value analysis.

Preleveled Finish    The finish date of a task as it was before resource leveling was done.

Preleveled Start    The start date of a task as it was before resource leveling was done.

Resume    The date that the remaining portion of a task is scheduled to resume after you enter a new value for the % Complete field. The Resume field is also recalculated when the remaining portion of a task is moved to a new date.

Start    The date and time that a task is scheduled to begin.

Start1-Start10    Custom start fields that show any specific task start date information you want to enter and store separately in your project.

Stop     The date that represents the end of the actual portion of a task.

Summary Progress    The progress on a summary task, based on the progress of its subtasks and where these subtasks have been scheduled. This field is available only here in the Bar Styles dialog box, to be represented as a bar on the chart portion of a Gantt Chart view.

Total Slack    The amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the project's finish date.

Bars tab

Start section

Shape    Indicates the shape of the symbol at the beginning of the selected bar. Click the arrow to add or change the beginning shape. If you want no symbol at the beginning of the bar, click the first option.

Type    Indicates the border style of the shape to be displayed at the beginning of the selected bar. Click the arrow to change the type. You can select Dashed, Framed, or Solid. For a completely solid shape with no border, click Solid.

Color    Indicates the color of the shape at the beginning of the selected bar. Click the arrow to change the color of the beginning shape.

Middle section

Shape    Indicates the shape of the selected bar. Click the arrow to change the bar shape. If you want no visible bar shape, click the first option.

Pattern    Indicates the fill pattern of the selected bar. Click the arrow to change the bar's fill pattern.

Color    Indicates the color of the selected bar. Click the arrow to change the bar's color.

End section

Shape    Indicates the shape of the symbol at the end of the selected bar. Click the arrow to add or change the end shape. If you want no symbol at the end of the bar, click the first option.

Type    Indicates the border style of the shape at the end of the selected bar. Click the arrow to change the type. You can select Dashed, Framed, or Solid. For a completely solid shape with no border, choose Solid.

Color    Indicates the color of the shape at the end of the selected bar. Click the arrow to change the color of the end shape.

Text tab

Left, Right, Top, Bottom, or Inside Show the name of the field whose contents will appear in position beside or on the Gantt bar. To add or change the text to be displayed for the selected Gantt bar, click in the field representing the position you want for the text (for example, Right), click the arrow, and then click the field (for example, Cost1). All task fields, including custom fields, are listed.

You can display the contents of one field per location. For example, you can show a task's start date to the left of the bar, its finish date to the right, and the task's priority inside the bar.

If you add text to the top or bottom of the Gantt bar, the row height for the corresponding task sheet increases to accommodate the additional space needed. You control the size of the bar styles text with the Font command on the Format menu.

To remove text from a Gantt bar, click in the field, and then press BACKSPACE to clear the field name.

Note: 

• Bars are drawn in the order they are listed in the table, starting at the top. Make sure that any overlapping bars are listed in the proper order so that the ones you want on top are drawn last. Use the Cut Row and Paste Row buttons to rearrange bars in the Gantt bar definition table.

• You can control other aspects of Gantt bars. On the Format menu, click Layout. The Layout dialog box has additional Gantt bar formatting choices. Also, on the Format menu, click Timescale. The Timescale tab of the Timescale dialog box includes choices about the timescale on the chart portion of the Gantt Chart view. The Nonworking time tab includes choices about how nonworking time is displayed in the chart.

Use Outlook's built-in search filters

You can search your email for a single word or phrase, but Outlook also includes a number of built-in searches. To find a message based on one of these built-in searches select the Filter Email button on the Ribbon.

Use Outlook's built-in filters

• From any email folder, select Filter Email from the Find group in the Ribbon.

  

  Once you select a filter, Outlook searches your mailbox based on that filter. You'll also see the shorthand for the filter in the search box. For example, if you want to display all emails that have attachments, you can select Has Attachments or type hasattachments:yes in the Search box. 

  To clear the search filter and view all items in the selected mail folder, click in the Search box, or on the Search tab, select Close Search.

  

Save a custom search as a Search Folder

In addition to using Outlook's built-in search tools, you can also create a Search Folder to save your search as a virtual folder. To create a search folder, scroll down in your Outlook folder list until you see Search Folders.

1. Right-click Search Folders and select New Search Folder.

2. Choose from one of the pre-configured search folders, or scroll down and select Custom Search Folder.

3. Give your custom search folder a name, then select Criteria.

4. Use the tabs in the Search Folder Criteria box to specify words or phrases to search for, senders, other people included on the To or Cc lines, items with specific categories, or any advanced search criteria. When you're done, select OK three times to create your search folder.

ATAN function

Returns the arctangent, or inverse tangent, of a number. The arctangent is the angle whose tangent is number. The returned angle is given in radians in the range -pi/2 to pi/2.

Syntax

ATAN(number)

Number     is the tangent of the angle you want.

Remark

To express the arctangent in degrees, multiply the result by 180/PI() or use the DEGREES function.

Examples

Formula	Description (Result)
=ATAN(1)	Arctangent of 1 in radians, pi/4 (0.785398)
=ATAN(1)*180/PI()	Arctangent of 1 in degrees (45)
=DEGREES(ATAN(1))	Arctangent of 1 in degrees (45)

Change the size of your slides

Newer versions Office 2007 - 2010 macOS Online



Basic steps

To change the slide size:

1. Select the Design tab of the toolbar ribbon.

2. Select Slide Size near the far right end of the toolbar.

3. Select Standard (4:3 aspect ratio) or Widescreen (16:9) or Custom Slide Size.

For more about the predefined sizes (including formats like Overhead, A3, A4, Banner, B4, and B5) or your own custom sizing, click a heading below to expand it and see the details.

Detailed steps

Choose the Standard or Widescreen slide size

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size, and then select either Standard (4:3) or Widescreen (16:9).

   

   When PowerPoint is unable to automatically scale your content, it prompts you with two options:

   • Maximize: Select this option to increase the size of your slide content when you are scaling to a larger slide size. Choosing this option could result in your content not fitting on the slide.

   • Ensure Fit: Select this option to decrease the size of your content when scaling to a smaller slide size. This could make your content appear smaller, but you'll be able to see all content on your slide.

     

The 16:9 widescreen setting is the default value for new presentations you create. When you change the slide size for a presentation, the size you choose only applies to that presentation.  However, you can make it easy to create a new 4:3 presentation for yourself whenever you want—by defining a custom theme that uses the 4:3 aspect ratio. See Make a new slide size the default for new presentations below.

Choose another size, such as A3, B4, or Overhead

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size, and then select Custom Slide Size.

   

3. In the Slide Size box, click the down arrow next to Slides sized for and select an option. Their dimensions are listed below:

   Name	Width	Height
   On-screen Show (4:3)	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Letter Paper (8.5x11 in)	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Ledger Paper (11x17 in)	13.319 in / 33.831 cm	9.99 in / 25.374 cm
   A3 Paper (297x420 mm)	14 in / 35.56 cm	10.5 in / 26.67 cm
   A4 Paper (210x297 mm)	10.833 in / 27.517 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   B4 (ISO) Paper (250x353mm)	11.84 in / 30.074 cm	8.88 in / 22.556 cm
   B5 (ISO) Paper (176x250mm)	7.84 in / 19.914 cm	5.88 in / 14.936 cm
   35 mm Slides	11.25 in / 28.575 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Overhead	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Banner	8 in / 20.32 cm	1 in / 2.54 cm
   On-screen Show (16:9)	10 in / 25.4 cm	5.625 in / 14.288 cm
   On-screen Show (16:10)	10 in / 25.4 cm	6.25 in / 15.875 cm
   Widescreen	13.333 in / 33.867 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm

   Overhead provides an aspect ratio very close to the standard 4:3 slide size.

   There are two options for 16:9 aspect ratios:

   • On-screen Show (16:9) sets the slide dimensions to 10 in x 5.625 in.

   • Widescreen sets it to 13.333 in x 7.5 in.

     Both of these options are the same aspect ratio so they will look the same in Normal View, since PowerPoint automatically adjusts the zoom level. Widescreen (13.333 in x 7.5 in.) provides more slide surface area for the content, so that is the best choice for presentations. Widescreen won't fit on an 8.5" x 11" sheet of paper without you having to scale it down.

   

4. Select OK to accept the dimensions and close the Slide Size dialog box.

Choose custom dimensions (in inches, centimeters, or pixels)

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size, and then select Custom Slide Size.

   

   The Slide Size dialog box opens.

3. In the Slide Size dialog box, ensure the orientation is set the way you want it.

4. In the Height and Width boxes, PowerPoint accepts measurements in inches, centimeters, or pixels. Type a number followed by a space and then the appropriate abbreviation: in, cm, or px.

   	Width or Height
   Minimum:	1 in 2.54 cm 120 px
   Maximum:	56 in 142.24 cm 720 px

   PowerPoint then converts measurements, if necessary, to the type of unit your operating system uses.

5. Click OK.

   When PowerPoint is unable to automatically scale your content, it prompts you with two options:

   • Maximize: Select this option to increase the size of your slide content when you are scaling to a larger slide size. Choosing this option could result in your content not fitting on the slide.

   • Ensure Fit: Select this option to decrease the size of your content when scaling to a smaller slide size. This could make your content appear smaller, but you'll be able to see all content on your slide.

     

You can change the unit of measure that is shown in PowerPoint dialog boxes if you like.

Make a default size to start from when creating new presentations

This version of PowerPoint has a default size of 16:9 for new presentation, but you can create a different default for yourself.

1. Start PowerPoint.

2. On the File tab of the toolbar ribbon, select New. Then double-click the Blank Presentation to create a new, empty presentation.

3. Then on the Design tab, click Slide Size and choose the size you want for a default.

   

   (If you want a different default slide size than what's listed there, select Custom Slide Size and then choose your size in the Slide Size dialog box, and then click OK.)

4. On the Design tab, click the More arrow in the bottom-right corner of the Themes group:

5. Select Save Current Theme.

6. Give your theme a name that you'll remember easily and click Save. Don't change the folder that the new theme is to be saved in.

7. On the Design tab, click the More arrow again in the bottom-right corner of the Themes group. You'll see your newly saved theme under a Custom heading.

8. Right-click that new custom theme under the Custom heading, and then select Set as Default Theme:

   

9. Close PowerPoint. Don't save any files if it prompts you.

10. Open PowerPoint again. On the File tab of the toolbar ribbon, select New.

    The custom theme that you just saved is listed at the top left corner, named Default Theme. The thumbnail image looks like a widescreen slide, but in reality, when you create a new presentation based on that theme, the presentation has the aspect ratio that you've defined for this default theme.

The next time you open PowerPoint, you'll see your default theme in the upper-left of the theme gallery. When you select it, all the slides will be the custom size you chose by default.

Do you not have a widescreen projector? Tell us what kind of projector you use by going to PowerPoint for Windows UserVoice Forum. This will help us prioritize new features in future updates.

Sizing applies to all slides in a presentation

Some folks have asked about resizing one slide within a presentation. PowerPoint isn't able to do that. All slides in a presentation are the same size.

Orientation applies to all slides in a presentation

Some folks have also asked about changing the page orientation of certain slides. PowerPoint isn't able to do that. All slides in a presentation have the same page orientation.

See Also

Change the page orientation in PowerPoint between landscape and portrait

Use portrait and landscape slide orientation in the same presentation

Reduce the file size of a picture

Basic steps

To change the slide size:

1. Select the Design tab of the toolbar ribbon.

2. Select Page Setup on the left end of the toolbar.

3. In the Page Setup dialog box, under Slides sized for, choose the predefined size you want, or choose Custom and specify the dimensions you want.

For more about the predefined sizes (including formats like Overhead, A3, A4, Banner, B4, and B5) or your own custom sizing, click a heading below to expand it and see the details.

Detailed steps

Choose a predefined slide size

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, select Page Setup.

   

   The Page Setup dialog box opens.

2. Select the Slides Sized for list to open it, and then select one of the options.

   The choices and their measurements are listed below:

   Name	Width	Height
   On-screen Show (4:3)	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   On-screen Show (16:9)	10 in / 25.4 cm	5.625 in / 14.288 cm
   On-screen Show (16:10)	10 in / 25.4 cm	6.25 in / 15.875 cm
   Letter Paper (8.5x11 in)	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Ledger Paper (11x17 in)	13.319 in / 33.831 cm	9.99 in / 25.374 cm
   A3 Paper (297x420 mm)	14 in / 35.56 cm	10.5 in / 26.67 cm
   A4 Paper (210x297 mm)	10.833 in / 27.517 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   B4 (ISO) Paper (250x353mm)	11.84 in / 30.074 cm	8.88 in / 22.556 cm
   B5 (ISO) Paper (176x250mm)	7.84 in / 19.914 cm	5.88 in / 14.936 cm
   35 mm Slides	11.25 in / 28.575 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Overhead	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Banner	8 in / 20.32 cm	1 in / 2.54 cm
   Custom	n/a	n/a

   Overhead provides an aspect ratio very close to the standard 4:3 slide size.

3. Click OK.

   When PowerPoint is unable to automatically scale your content, it will prompt you with two options:

   • Maximize: Select this option to increase the size of your slide content when you are scaling to a larger slide size. Choosing this option could result in your content not fitting on the slide.

   • Ensure Fit: Select this option to decrease the size of your content when scaling to a smaller slide size. This could make your content appear smaller, but you'll be able to see all content on your slide.

     

Choose custom dimensions

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, select Page Setup.

   

   The Page Setup dialog box opens.

2. Select the Slides Sized for list to open it, and then select Custom at the bottom of the list.

3. In the Height and Width boxes, specify the dimensions you want.

   The unit of measure for these boxes is determined by your computer's operating system. If you need to convert from one system to another, see an online converter such as UnitConverters.net.

   The minimum and maximum dimensions that PowerPoint accepts are:

   	Width or Height
   Minimum:	1 in 2.54 cm 120 px
   Maximum:	56 in 142.24 cm 720 px

You can change the unit of measure that is shown in PowerPoint dialog boxes.

Sizing applies to all slides in a presentation

Some folks have asked about resizing one slide within a presentation. PowerPoint isn't able to do that. All slides in a presentation are the same size.

Orientation applies to all slides in a presentation

Some folks have also asked about changing the page orientation of certain slides. PowerPoint isn't able to do that. All slides in a presentation have the same page orientation.

See Also

Change the page orientation in PowerPoint between landscape and portrait

Use portrait and landscape slide orientation in the same presentation

Reduce the file size of a picture

Basic steps

To change the slide size:

1. On the File menu, select Page Setup.

2. In the Page Setup dialog box, under Slides sized for, select the predefined size you want, or choose Custom and specify the dimensions you want.

For more about the predefined sizes (including formats like Overhead, A3, A4, Banner, B4, and B5) or your own custom sizing, click a heading below to expand it and see the details.

Detailed steps

Choose the Standard or Widescreen slide size

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size.

   

3. Select Standard (4:3) or Widescreen (16:9).

   

PowerPoint may prompt you about scaling your content. Choose one of the following options:

• Scale: Select this option to decrease or increase the size of your slide content. When scaling to a smaller slide size, this could make your content appear smaller, but you'll be able to see all content on your slide.

• Don't Scale: Select this option to maintain the size of your slide content. Choosing this option could result in your content not fitting on the slide.

  

Choose another size, such as A3, B4, or Overhead

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size.

   

3. Choose Page Setup from the menu that appears.

   

   Page Setup gives you an assortment of predefined slide/page size options. The options and their dimensions are listed below:

   Name	Width	Height
   On-screen Show (4:3)	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Letter Paper (8.5x11 in)	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Ledger Paper (11x17 in)	13.319 in / 33.831 cm	9.99 in / 25.374 cm
   A3 Paper (297x420 mm)	14 in / 35.56 cm	10.5 in / 26.67 cm
   A4 Paper (210x297 mm)	10.833 in / 27.517 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   B4 (ISO) Paper (250x353mm)	11.84 in / 30.074 cm	8.88 in / 22.556 cm
   B5 (ISO) Paper (176x250mm)	7.84 in / 19.914 cm	5.88 in / 14.936 cm
   35 mm Slides	11.25 in / 28.575 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Overhead	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Banner	8 in / 20.32 cm	1 in / 2.54 cm
   On-screen Show (16:9)	10 in / 25.4 cm	5.625 in / 14.288 cm
   On-screen Show (16:10)	10 in / 25.4 cm	6.25 in / 15.875 cm
   Widescreen	13.333 in / 33.867 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm

4. In the Slide Size box, click the down arrow next to Slides sized for and select an option.

   Overhead provides an aspect ratio very close to the standard 4:3 slide size.

   There are two options for 16:9 aspect ratios:

   • On-screen Show (16:9) sets the slide dimensions to 10 in x 5.625 in.

   • Widescreen sets the dimensions to 13.333 in x 7.5 in.

     Both of these options are the same aspect ratio so they will look the same in Normal View, since PowerPoint automatically adjusts the zoom level. Widescreen (13.333 in x 7.5 in.) provides more slide surface area for the content, so that is the best choice for presentations. Widescreen won't fit on an 8.5" x 11" sheet of paper without you having to scale it down.

   

5. Select OK to accept the dimensions and close the Slide Size dialog box.

Choose custom dimensions (in inches, centimers, or pixels)

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size, and then click Page Setup.

   

   The Page Setup dialog box opens.

3. In the Width and Height boxes, PowerPoint accepts measurements in inches, centimeters, or pixels. Type a number followed by a space and then the appropriate abbreviation: in (inches) or cm (centimeters) or px (pixels).

   PowerPoint then converts the measurements, if necessary, to the unit of measurement your operating system uses.

   	Width or Height
   Minimum:	1 in 2.54 cm 120 px
   Maximum:	56 in 142.24 cm 720 px

4. Click OK.

   PowerPoint may prompt you about scaling your content. Choose one of the following options:

   • Scale: Select this option to decrease or increase the size of your slide content. When scaling to a smaller slide size, this could make your content appear smaller, but you'll be able to see all content on your slide.

   • Don't Scale: Select this option to maintain the size of your slide content. Choosing this option could result in your content not fitting on the slide.

Make a new slide size the default for new presentations

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size, and then select Page Setup.

   

3. Follow the steps in the prior section to choose the slide size you want.

4. On the Design tab, click the More arrow below the standard themes.

   

5. Click Save Current Theme at the bottom of the window.

   

6. Give your theme a name that you'll remember easily and click Save.

7. On the Design tab, click the More arrow below the standard themes again. You'll see your newly saved theme under Custom.

   

8. Right-click your new custom theme, and then click Set as Default Theme.

   

The next time you open PowerPoint, you'll see your default theme in the upper-left of the theme gallery. When you select it, all the slides will be the size you chose for your default theme.

Sizing applies to all slides in a presentation

Some folks have asked about resizing one slide within a presentation. PowerPoint isn't able to do that. All slides in a presentation are the same size.

Orientation applies to all slides in a presentation

Some folks have also asked about changing the page orientation of certain slides. PowerPoint isn't able to do that. All slides in a presentation have the same page orientation.

See Also

Change the page orientation in PowerPoint between landscape and portrait

Basic steps

To change the slide size:

1. Select the Design tab of the toolbar ribbon.

2. Select Slide Size near the far right end of the toolbar.

3. Select Standard (4:3 aspect ratio) or Widescreen (16:9) or Custom Slide Size.

For more about the predefined sizes (including formats like Overhead, A3, A4, Banner, B4, and B5) or your own custom sizing, click a heading below to expand it and see the details.

Detailed steps

Choose the Standard or Widescreen slide size

1. On the Design tab of the toolbar ribbon, click Slide Size in the Customize group.

   

2. Click Standard (4:3) or Widescreen (16:9).

   When PowerPoint Online is unable to automatically scale your content, it prompts you with two options:

   • Maximize: Select this option to increase the size of your slide content when you are scaling to a larger slide size. Choosing this option could result in your content not fitting on the slide.

   • Ensure Fit: Select this option to decrease the size of your content when scaling to a smaller slide size. This could make your content appear smaller, but you'll be able to see all content on your slide.

     

The 16:9 widescreen setting is the default value for new presentations you create. When you change the slide size for a presentation, the size you choose only applies to that presentation. 

You can also change the orientation of all the slides in your presentation. See Change the page orientation for instructions.

Choose another size, such as A3, B4, or Overhead

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size, and then select Custom Slide Size.

   

3. In the Slide Size box, click the down arrow next to Slides sized for and select an option. Their dimensions are listed below:

   Name	Width	Height
   On-screen Show (4:3)	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Letter Paper (8.5x11 in)	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Ledger Paper (11x17 in)	13.319 in / 33.831 cm	9.99 in / 25.374 cm
   A3 Paper (297x420 mm)	14 in / 35.56 cm	10.5 in / 26.67 cm
   A4 Paper (210x297 mm)	10.833 in / 27.517 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   B4 (ISO) Paper (250x353mm)	11.84 in / 30.074 cm	8.88 in / 22.556 cm
   B5 (ISO) Paper (176x250mm)	7.84 in / 19.914 cm	5.88 in / 14.936 cm
   35 mm Slides	11.25 in / 28.575 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Overhead	10 in / 25.4 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm
   Banner	8 in / 20.32 cm	1 in / 2.54 cm
   On-screen Show (16:9)	10 in / 25.4 cm	5.625 in / 14.288 cm
   On-screen Show (16:10)	10 in / 25.4 cm	6.25 in / 15.875 cm
   Widescreen	13.333 in / 33.867 cm	7.5 in / 19.05 cm

   Overhead provides an aspect ratio very close to the standard 4:3 slide size.

   There are two options for 16:9 aspect ratios:

   • On-screen Show (16:9) sets the slide dimensions to 10 in x 5.625 in.

   • Widescreen sets it to 13.333 in x 7.5 in.

     Both of these options are the same aspect ratio so they will look the same in Normal View, since PowerPoint automatically adjusts the zoom level. Widescreen (13.333 in x 7.5 in.) provides more slide surface area for the content, so that is the best choice for presentations. Widescreen won't fit on an 8.5" x 11" sheet of paper without you having to scale it down.

   

4. Select OK to accept the dimensions and close the Slide Size dialog box.

Choose custom dimensions

1. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, locate Slide Size in the Customize group, near the far right end of the toolbar.

   

2. Select Slide Size, and then select Custom Slide Size.

   

   The Slide Size dialog box opens.

3. In the Width and Height boxes, type a measurement in inches. PowerPoint doesn't accept measurements outside the minimum and maximum show below:

   	Width or Height
   Minimum:	1 inch (One inch is equal to 2.54 cm.)
   Maximum:	56 inches (Fifty-six inches is equal to 142.24 cm.)

4. Click OK.

   When PowerPoint Online is unable to automatically scale your content, it prompts you with two options:

   • Maximize: Select this option to increase the size of your slide content when you are scaling to a larger slide size. Choosing this option could result in your content not fitting on the slide.

   • Ensure Fit: Select this option to decrease the size of your content when scaling to a smaller slide size. This could make your content appear smaller, but you'll be able to see all content on your slide.

     

See Also

Change the page orientation in PowerPoint between landscape and portrait