Using Excel formulas to figure out payments and savings

Managing personal finances can be a challenge, especially when trying to plan your payments and savings. Excel formulas can help you calculate the future value of your debts and investments, making it easier to figure out how long it will take for you to reach your goals. Use the following functions:

• PMT calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.

• NPER calculates the number of payment periods for an investment based on regular, constant payments and a constant interest rate.

• PV returns the present value of an investment. The present value is the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now.

• FV returns the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.

Figure out the monthly payments to pay off a credit card debt

Assume that the balance due is $5,400 at a 17% annual interest rate. Nothing else will be purchased on the card while the debt is being paid off.

Using the function PMT(rate,NPER,PV)

=PMT(17%/12,2*12,5400)

the result is a monthly payment of $266.99 to pay the debt off in two years.

• The rate argument is the interest rate per period for the loan. For example, in this formula the 17% annual interest rate is divided by 12, the number of months in a year.

• The NPER argument of 2*12 is the total number of payment periods for the loan.

• The PV or present value argument is 5400.

Figure out monthly mortgage payments

Imagine a $180,000 home at 5% interest, with a 30-year mortgage.

Using the function PMT(rate,NPER,PV)

=PMT(5%/12,30*12,180000)

the result is a monthly payment (not including insurance and taxes) of $966.28.

• The rate argument is 5% divided by the 12 months in a year.

• The NPER argument is 30*12 for a 30 year mortgage with 12 monthly payments made each year.

• The PV argument is 180000 (the present value of the loan).

Find out how to save each month for a dream vacation

You'd like to save for a vacation three years from now that will cost $8,500. The annual interest rate for saving is 1.5%.

Using the function PMT(rate,NPER,PV,FV)

=PMT(1.5%/12,3*12,0,8500)

to save $8,500 in three years would require a savings of $230.99 each month for three years.

• The rate argument is 1.5% divided by 12, the number of months in a year.

• The NPER argument is 3*12 for twelve monthly payments over three years.

• The PV (present value) is 0 because the account is starting from zero.

• The FV (future value) that you want to save is $8,500.

Now imagine that you are saving for an $8,500 vacation over three years, and wonder how much you would need to deposit in your account to keep monthly savings at $175.00 per month. The PV function will calculate how much of a starting deposit will yield a future value.

Using the function PV(rate,NPER,PMT,FV)

=PV(1.5%/12,3*12,-175,8500)

an initial deposit of $1,969.62 would be required in order to be able to pay $175.00 per month and end up with $8500 in three years.

• The rate argument is 1.5%/12.

• The NPER argument is 3*12 (or twelve monthly payments for three years).

• The PMT is -175 (you would pay $175 per month).

• The FV (future value) is 8500.

Find out how long it will take to pay off a personal loan

Imagine that you have a $2,500 personal loan, and have agreed to pay $150 a month at 3% annual interest.

Using the function NPER(rate,PMT,PV)

=NPER(3%/12,-150,2500)

it would take 17 months and some days to pay off the loan.

• The rate argument is 3%/12 monthly payments per year.

• The PMT argument is -150.

• The PV (present value) argument is 2500.

Figure out a down payment

Say that you'd like to buy a $19,000 car at a 2.9% interest rate over three years. You want to keep the monthly payments at $350 a month, so you need to figure out your down payment. In this formula the result of the PV function is the loan amount, which is then subtracted from the purchase price to get the down payment.

Using the function PV(rate,NPER,PMT)

=19000-PV(2.9%/12, 3*12,-350)

the down payment required would be $6,946.48

• The $19,000 purchase price is listed first in the formula. The result of the PV function will be subtracted from the purchase price.

• The rate argument is 2.9% divided by 12.

• The NPER argument is 3*12 (or twelve monthly payments over three years).

• The PMT is -350 (you would pay $350 per month).

See how much your savings will add up to over time

Starting with $500 in your account, how much will you have in 10 months if you deposit $200 a month at 1.5% interest?

Using the function FV(rate,NPER,PMT,PV)

=FV(1.5%/12,10,-200,-500)

in 10 months you would have $2,517.57 in savings.

• The rate argument is 1.5%/12.

• The NPER argument is 10 (months).

• The PMT argument is -200.

• The PV (present value) argument is -500.

See also

Enter a formula

PMT function

NPER function

PV function

FV function