And function

Use the AND function, one of the logical functions, to determine if all conditions in a test are TRUE.

Example

Technical Details

The AND function returns TRUE if all its arguments evaluate to TRUE, and returns FALSE if one or more arguments evaluate to FALSE.

One common use for the AND function is to expand the usefulness of other functions that perform logical tests. For example, the IF function performs a logical test and then returns one value if the test evaluates to TRUE and another value if the test evaluates to FALSE. By using the AND function as the logical_test argument of the IF function, you can test many different conditions instead of just one.

Syntax

AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)

The AND function syntax has the following arguments:

Argument	Description
Logical1	Required. The first condition that you want to test that can evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE.
Logical2, ...	Optional. Additional conditions that you want to test that can evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE, up to a maximum of 255 conditions.

Remarks

• The arguments must evaluate to logical values, such as TRUE or FALSE, or the arguments must be arrays or references that contain logical values.

• If an array or reference argument contains text or empty cells, those values are ignored.

• If the specified range contains no logical values, the AND function returns the #VALUE! error.

Examples

Here are some general examples of using AND by itself, and in conjunction with the IF function.

Formula	Description
=AND(A2>1,A2<100)	Displays TRUE if A2 is greater than 1 AND less than 100, otherwise it displays FALSE.
=IF(AND(A2<A3,A2<100),A2,"The value is out of range")	Displays the value in cell A2 if it's less than A3 AND less than 100, otherwise it displays the message "The value is out of range".
=IF(AND(A3>1,A3<100),A3,"The value is out of range")	Displays the value in cell A3 if it is greater than 1 AND less than 100, otherwise it displays a message. You can substitute any message of your choice.

Bonus Calculation

Here is a fairly common scenario where we need to calculate if sales people qualify for a bonus using IF and AND.

• =IF(AND(B14>=$B$7,C14>=$B$5),B14*$B$8,0) – IF Total Sales are greater than or equal (>=) to the Sales Goal, AND Accounts are greater than or equal to (>=) the Account Goal, then multiply Total Sales by the Bonus %, otherwise return 0.

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Related Topics

Video: Advanced IF functions
Learn how to use nested functions in a formula
IF function
OR function
NOT function
Overview of formulas in Excel
How to avoid broken formulas
Detect errors in formulas
Keyboard shortcuts in Excel
Logical functions (reference)
Excel functions (alphabetical)
Excel functions (by category)